Explain its significance. 0000000016 00000 n 0000001442 00000 n It is a cohesion-less material. Well, important types of pollution are explained in the below diagram: Fig1: Types of Pollution. 0000003780 00000 n 0000025118 00000 n Water and Plant Growth • Once the soil loses its’ gravitational water downward (usually in minutes to hours), water that is held up the soil against leaching is bound there by matric forces which range from –0.1 to –0.3 bars in the thicker portions of water films extending into macropores. weathering, illuviation) or disturbances (e.g. Yeast: Origin, Reproduction, Life Cycle and Growth Requirements | Industrial Microbiology, How is Bread Made Step by Step? WIND eRoSIoN Wind erosion is the form of soil degradation by the action of the wind which abrades, transports and deposes soil / sand particles. a) Mechanical weathering is the breakdown of rock due to physical factors such as temperature fluctuations and freeze/ thaw cycles of water. Rainwater harvesting 50-53 13. Water exists between soil particles in small capillary pores is called Capillary water. The hygroscopic water cannot be entirely evaporated from a soil under ordinary atmospheric conditions, but it can be done by heating soil to a constant weight in an oven at approximately 150°C. Stream Bank Erosion 6. In a “wet” soil, it is water that occupies most of this space. Hardpans: H8ardpans are the types of soil that offer great resistance to the penetration of drilling tools during soil exploration. of the soil (slow landslides with deformation but without breaking up) or liquid materials (mudflows). Design of farm pond 58-61 15. Soil water retention capacity and its services When water is applied to the soil surface, water naturally seeps down by gravity provided no physical barriers (such as impermeable layers at the soil surface or within the soil profile) impede this process. Component definition – mixture of mineral matter, organic matter, water and air. Thin film of water is tightly held by the soil particles is called hygroscopic water. The particle size ranges from 4.75mm to 80mm. Agricultural practices 4. Types and forms of erosion by water and by wind ANNE x 1 1. eRoSIoN BY WAteR 1.1 Erosion by raindrop impact (« splash ») EROSION DEGREE: VERy WEAk; VALUE = 1 This form of erosion is no longer visible after cultivation (ploughing, hoeing etc.) Materials: 1 sheet of newspaper 3 test tubes (same size) 1 test tube holder 1 plastic spoon 3 soils: clay, humus, sand 1 water dropper 1 container of water Procedure: Work in teams of two. 0000001225 00000 n The above three types of soil are not sharply defined but form a continuous series from water which is not retained by the soil, to water which is held with great force. The values of pH(CaCl2) are normally lower than pH(w) by 0.5 to 0.9. When all pores are filled with water, the soil is ‘saturated’ and water within macropores will drain freely from the soil via gravity. structure, reducing soil density, and increasing water holding capacity. 0000002843 00000 n 37c). Two types of weathering are recognized: chemical and mechanical (physical). have slow infiltration rates, hence more A few of these characteristics are water-holding capacity, permeability, and soil workability. �,��=��Ʒ� Gravel: It is a type of coarse-grained soil. Some soil moisture characteristics. (Example: Loam soil = 45% mineral matter, 5% organic matter, 25% water, and 25% air). Share Your PPT File. Soil erosion 35-42 9. Massive (heavy clays) Quartz Quartz . Urban wastes 3. Moist soils . 58 0 obj<> endobj The potential for soil erosion by water is affected by tillage operations, depending on the depth, direction . 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